The intrinsic properties of the koi, as owners, breeders and enthusiasts will appreciate are determined by a complex set of anatomical and ecological variables. Anatomy (inherited) the structure of a fish is called genotype. The remarkable physical properties are known collectively as the phenotype. Until not so long ago, limited information on the genes of koi and not generally available to farmers koi fish. In the early years of koi breeding, farmers were forced to rely on traditions and generate pure intuition and correct their lines. Chance also played a role.
Koi farmers today have full access to scientific studies. The study of genes typically include an understanding of the tangible qualities of the offspring. Using standard methods, it usually takes 20 generations of dedicated, well-planned, targeted increase, so that you can create the desired properties of the characters in Koi carp. The final results should be carefully documented and that unfortunately is a practice accompanied by very little, if any, to the old koi fish farmers.
Scientific studies of genes has been slow due to koi koi takes about 2 to 3 years to mature. Carp are in a much faster time is ripe, but breeders have inadvertently affected by the speed koi fish at maturity or by reproducing a body to review the situation improved, big, show excellent fish slow to create. She had never seen a female gonads develop at the age of 1 year.
In recent developments in analytical techniques for genome research have accelerated anatomical study. These methods have been studied specifically for the year 2001 in the anatomical variability of the Niigata koi Yamakoshi warehouse area where a relatively high mortality rate was noted in the larval stage used. Obtained from all the major Koi fish farmers in the region and discussed. Research has found that not only was there minimal anatomical variability in the population of Niigata, but the anatomical area in Kohaku, Sanke and Showa was small, which means that these preferred types from a small founder population.
Over time, this may undermine the status of stocks of Koi Niigata, due to the fact that inbreeding leads to loss of heterozygosity (diversity in the genes). Considering that Niigata is the source of fish for large parent koi producers on the planet, it is crucial that the gene pool remains strong. Koi breeders often try to adapt the genome (heredity, anatomical features of an organism) to reproduce high quality koi on their own values and sense of appreciation. This may mean a much better selective growth for reproduction and conformation of the body or skin color has increased and the quality grounds. You can also try to environmental elements, such as pond water temperatures, much more than can be reached to verify the ideal fish production for the industry.
Routines calculated eat koi fish owner, however, try the phenotype (physical characteristics) just by the brain environment breathtaking and the pond of the introduction of more and more what color boosters. It should be remembered, however, that is not available to start the properties of a koi fish, which has poor anatomical material to increase. However, it is easy, simply warning to clear a small koi fish that has great potential anatomical.
Recent trends between anatomical manipulation was to create new types, such as "green" and "violet" koi. "Green" or Midorigoi Koi were first bred in the sixties as a submanifold of Kawarimono and attempts are still ongoing, a green strain, which are often regularly attend races like the green with black n time is not generated.
In a similar sense, the search for a purple-colored koi that have been held for more than twenty-five years, breeders Yoshu Hirado, Chiba Prefecture create Shiryu (purple) and Shiryu-Shigure (witness marks a purple-brown due) from crosses of Doitsu, Ogon and Showa.
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